WATER PURIFICATION
Water purification involves collection, straining, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and storage.
Step 1: Collection
Identifying a water resource where you will contain water to purify.
Collection spots should on higher elevations or near the water's source, and away from campsites or areas where animals graze. You'll want to collect water from water sources that are moving, such as streams and rivers. You can also collect from the first top few inches of a lake.
You do not want to collect from stagnant water, as it's a breeding ground for viruses and bacteria, along with insects [1]. Do not collect from swimming pools either, especially if chlorinated or filled with salt water.
Step 2: Straining
Water will need to be run through a larger filter, such as a screen or netting, that can handle the weight of the water passing through and sturdy enough to handle the collection of large pollutants.
Step 3: Flocculation
A chemical compound that causes coagulation (thickening) is added to the water to cause smaller impurities to group together and create clumps known as “flocs” augmenting the collection of pollutants
Step 4: Sedimentation
Remove deposits. Once the flocs have begun to develop and are large enough, the weight will cause them to fall to the bottom of the container as sediment.
Step 5: Filtration
After completing Steps 1-4, the water needs to run through a filter. The three most popular types of filters include:
Straw – used to drink directly from a water source.
Pump – used to manually pump water from the source directly.
Gravity – the reservoir bag is hung from a high area to allow gravity to pull the water through the filter.
(NOTE: Typically, this process involves two bags for an effecient filtration process.)
Step 6: Disinfection
A chlorine solution is used to kill various types of microscopic agents that can cause illness, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
Step 7: Storage
A properly sterilized container is used to hold the water for consumption.
The following links proved more details:
1) Two ways to purify water - https://www.nps.gov/articles/2wayspurifywater.htm
2) Best Camping Water Filters -
ttps://upgradedpoints.com/travel/hiking-and-camping/best-camping-water-filters/